End-of-Life Decisions about Withholding or Withdrawing Therapy: Medical, Ethical, and Religio-Cultural Considerations

Towards the plant end of life, physicians face dilemmas of discontinuing life-sustaining treatments or interventions.In some circumstances, these treatments are no longer of benefit, while in others the patient or family no longer want them.The physician plays an essential role in clarifying the goals of medical treatment, defining the care plan, i

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Edward Stillingfleet and the 17th Century Episcopacy

The 17th century was a difficult time for bishops in England.Throughout the century, the country was beset with religious Leave in conditioner and political conflicts and violence, both verbal and physical.This situation was compounded by factions within monarchy, parliament and Church.The Church, in its widest sense, was roughly split between thre

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis Zinc Metalloprotease-1 Elicits Tuberculosis-specific Humoral Immune Response Independent of Mycobacterial Load in Pulmonary and Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients

Conventionally, facultative intracellular pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), the tuberculosis (TB) causing bacilli in human is cleared by cell-mediated immunity (CMI) with CD4+ T cells playing instrumental role in protective immunity, while antibody-mediated immunity (AMI) is considered non-protective.This longstanding convention has been

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